Reading & Phonemic Awareness
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Many students who seem bright actually struggle with reading. When tested, most of their cognitive skills test high — except for one: phonemic awareness, which is the ability to blend, segment, and manipulate sounds.
Over 130 federal studies done between 1985 and 1995 show that 88% of all kids with reading problems have great deficiency in phonemic awareness.
Phonemic awareness could be the most important cognitive skill in need of development as according to an independent study it impacts 40% of a general student population with 20% of the students significantly deficient and 20% weak in this area.
From Professional Learning Board’s online continuing education course for teachers: Cognitive Skills – Understanding Learning Challenges